This works great for public websites, especially because of. If it is not signed, users will get a warning (it could also be that there is a man-in-the-middle who issued its own certificate to decrypt all the traffic – so be careful if you get this warning). Once I deploy the signed certificate, the website visitors (browser) know, that the certificate can be trusted because it is signed by a certificate authority they trust (the signature is validated).
They will check if I am really the owner of and will sign my certificate. If I want to get a trusted certificate for, I can generate a certificate and send a certificate signing request (CSR) for this certificate to a trusted certificate authority. This trust is established through “Trusted Root Certificate Authorities”. That’s why its important, that you know if you can trust a certificate or not. If you want, you can generate a certificate for the domain, even if you don’t own it. Such certificate as well as the public/private key pair can be generated by everyone. You can just open a website and check the certificate details to see what it contains: In step 1., the client receives a certificate which contains the public key of the server as well as some other information like the issuer, how long it is valid, which algorithms are used, what the certificate is about etc. Client and server use the symmetric key to encrypt their communication.Server decrypts the encrypted symmetric key (at this stage, client and server have the same key, so key exchange is done).Client sends the encrypted symmetric key to the server.Client encrypts the symmetric key with the public key of the server.Client receives the public key of the server (public key is included in the certificate).Search for “SSL protocol” or “SSL handshake” to get all details. This key is generated when the connection is established and is exchanged between the client and server using asymmetric encryption (so there is a public/private key pair). This encryption is done via symmetric encryption which means that there is one key to encrypt and decrypt the traffic. The traffic to the webserver should be encrypted (use https).
Let’s assume, there is a server running a simple website. If you are not that enlightened – lets start with some theory: How do CA’s and certificates, basically, work? This post starts with the basics, so if you are familiar with certificates and CAs, how they work, what’s the difference between a public key and a certificate and why a certificate signing request is needed, skip the next section. We will also make sure, that those are trusted certificates in our network. In this blog post, we’ll create our own simple Certificate Authority which we’ll use to sign certificates that we generate for our internal servers. Using let’s encrypt is most probably not the best alternative as there is no public access to the server (it is still possible, but some configuration and “workarounds” are needed). Who isn’t tired of certificate errors at internal devices that serve a WebUI but don’t have a trusted certificate.
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